Ring-billed Gull

 

Common Name:Ring-billed Gull

Class:Aves

Order:Charadriiformes

Family:Laridae

Larus

Species:Larus delawarensis

Photo: Kyle Horton

 

 

 

Ring-billed Gulls are in the order Charadriiformes which consists of other shorebirds. The family Laridae groups them together with other gulls. Ring-billed Gulls are a fairly common species of gull. They are 17.5 inches (45 cm) in size with a 48 inch (122cm) wingspan. This larger wingspan allows for their superb flight abilities.  They are monochromatic which means that males and females are similar in appearance. During the breeding season, adults have a bright yellow bill with a complete black ring around it and also yellow legs. Their neck, breast and belly are white and they have a gray mantle and upperwings. Their primary feathers are black and have white tips. During the winter season, they have thin dark streaks around their head. Ring-billed Gulls are similar to Herring Gulls, but smaller in size. Ring-billed Gulls take 3 years to reach full maturity. Juveniles have a black bill that have a pale base. Their head, breast, belly and back are pale with light brown scalloping. They have dark outer primaries and dark upperwing coverts with white edging. First-year Ring-billed Gulls have a pink bill with a black tip and pink legs. Their head, neck and upper breast are white streaked with brown. Their primary feathers are black and their secondary feathers are pale-gray. The second-years look like adults during the winter season. Many times, their bill is yellow with a black tip, their primary feathers are dark and they have a partial dark band on their tail.

Photo: M. Noonan

 

Ring-billed Gulls breed in southern and central Canada. They winter to the southern United States, along the coast of the United States and into parts of Mexico. Ring-billed Gulls can be found in the Great Lakes Region year-round. They are found around many habitats surrounding water such as: lakes, coasts, bays and piers. They will also be seen around dumps, fast-food restaurants, sewage outlets, shopping malls and agricultural fields.

They will eat a variety of foods including: fish, insects, worms, rodents and bird eggs. In the winter they will eat garbage. They will forage by picking items up from the surface of the soil, sand etc. They will also forage by diving for items that are close to the surface of the water.

Photo: M. Noonan

During courtship displays of the Ring-billed Gulls, they will face each other while one of them lowers their head and flattens their crown. Then the pair will alternatively circle each other while raising their heads and calling. Next, the female usually assumes the "submissive" hunched stance. Ring-billed Gulls are monogamous and have one brood per year. Polygyny does occur, but it accounts for less than 1% of nests in larger colonies.

 

They nest colonially and will occasionally associate with California Gulls, terns and cormorants. Both sexes will build the nest which are usually open or concealed and among rocks on vegetation. They may be lined with fine grass or feathers. The female will lay 2-4 buffy white eggs marked with brown and both sexes will incubate them for the 21 day period. Nests with 4 eggs are usually a result of polygyny. The development of the young is semiprecocial which means they are mobile, remain at the nest  and are fed. The young will reach their adult plumage after 3 years. Many times their will be a mate change with a nest neighbor from the previous year because of a strong nest site tenacity.

 

Photo: M. Noonan

 

Ring-billed Gulls are extremely common. They can been seen around the Niagara River, Lake Erie, shopping malls and fast-food restaurants during any time of year in the Western New York Region.

 

Photo: Skyler Dobert

 

Birds of Western New York is brought to you by the Institute for the Study of Human-Animal Relations at Canisius College in Buffalo, NY.